Hi,
first, what exactly you are imagine it? you want to change names of shortcuts on takbar or desktop? or to have custom name in windows uninstaller?
second you can try use ccleaner and clean everything about "windows explorer" such as MRU stuff, jumplists and other. then restart your pc if it does not fix your problem, that can mean that you have corrupted these icons you can try to use chkdsk utility. if everything defeat you must simple reinstall the programs. by the way, where exactly you have missing icons? in the uninstaller ? on the desktop? on the taskbar? in task manager?