I had a similar problem on a new Dell Laptop. Try running from admin command prompt sfc /scan now.
Check the HD manufactures web site and see if they offer a HD surface scan, most do.
My scan showed a defective HD. Symptoms were black scree with mouse pointer stuck in the centre of screen.
If your PC has corrupt Windows system files, here is how you can fix them without re-installing Windows.
1) Open up an elevated command prompt (cmd with admin rights)
2) Type in "sfc /scannow" without quotes, and hit enter. Windows will check for and attempt to repair any corrupt files.
If SFC /scannow is unable to fix some of the corrupted files (EDIT: This command only seems to work on Windows 8 or later):
1) Open up an elevated command prompt (cmd with admin rights)
2) Type in "dism /online /cleanup-image /restorehealth" without quotes, and hit enter. Windows will now download and replace any corrupt files.
If you re-run SFC /scannow after you perform these steps, you will notice that it won't find any integrity violations, which means that all corrupt Windows files are fixed.
Useing this method instead of simply re-installing (or upgrading) Windows? Well, first off, you keep all of your files, applications, and settings. And secondly, you won't have to re-install all the Windows Updates after re-installing Windows.